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However, many common business sources do not have DOIs. To find a DOI a helpful tool is 's DOI Lookup. Online sources - retrieval statementsĪPA's guidelines for citing online sources recommend using digital object identifiers (DOIs), available on items such as e-books and journal articles. the first word after a colon or a dash) and proper nouns (Rule 6.29, p. When citing books, reports, and most other items except periodicals (magazine and journal articles), capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle (i.e. Double-space between all lines of your work, including references. Second and subsequent lines of each entry are indented 5-7 spaces. If there is no date of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.). If there is no author available, use the title as the author in alphabetical order. If you have multiple publications by one author from different years order them earliest to latest: Smith, J. 181) For an individual author's first name use only initials: 'Smith, J.', not 'Smith, Jennifer'. Order of references in the reference list is alphabetical, by the name of the group, or the last name of an individual author (Rule 6.25, p. The reference list must include all references cited in the text of your paper.Īuthors can be individuals or groups/organizations (e.g., Google, inc. The list of sources at the end of the paper (bibliography) is called the reference list in APA. 171-172). If a source contains neither page nor paragraph numbers, cite the heading (shorten the heading if it is long) (Rule 6.05 pp. In this case, use paragraph numbers preceded by the abbreviation 'para.' (Rule 6.05 pp. Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers. Just be sure to give the reader enough information to be able to match the in text reference to the citation in the reference list. It is acceptable to abbreviate long names in the second and following in-text references. List two or more works by different authors who are cited within the same parentheses in alphabetical order by the first author's surname or group/organization name, e.g. (Bureau van Dijk, 2010 Datamonitor, 2009 Simpson, 2010) (Rule 6.16 p. 171). If there is no date of publication, use the abbreviation (n.d.). When paraphrasing from a source, or when referring to an idea contained in another work, you are encouraged to provide a page number (Rule 6.04 p. According to Marketline (2010)."direct_quotation" (p.When quoting from print sources or online articles, give the author, year, and page number in parentheses (Rule 6.03, pp.170 - 171). Note: In reference lists, capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, and proper nouns. In the book Business Ethics as Rational Choice, Hooker claims that.
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General notesĪPA requires that the entire paper be double-spaced, including all the lines in the reference list. Number all pages consecutively, beginning with the title page, in Arabic numerals (e.g., 4, not IV) in the upper right-hand corner (Rule 8.03, p. If in doubt, ask a librarian, or contact your instructor. The important thing is to be consistent in the way you cite documents, and include information necessary for locating and identifying your source. 193, para.2 for more information on this rule).
#Apa cite a pdf toolkit manual
The manual does state that when it offers no examples for the type of document to be cited, then you should find the closest example and use it to build your citation, which is what we have done with this guide (see p.
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#Apa cite a pdf toolkit how to
The Publication Manual of the APA (6th edition) includes scant information about how to cite document types common to business in some cases there are different ways to interpret how to cite a specific item. SFU also offers MLA and other citation style guides.